1. Nānā Nānā

Nānā nā surfactants Amphoteric i nā hui hydrophilic cationic ʻelua a me nā hui hydrophobic anionic i loko o ka mole mole, i hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia i kahi wai wai a hōʻike i nā ʻano o nā anionic surfactants ma lalo o kekahi kūlana waena, akā ma lalo o kahi kūlana waena hōʻike i nā ʻano o nā cactic surfactants.

Kuhikuhi nā ʻano surfactants amphoteric ʻano Betaine i kekahi papa o nā mea hoʻohui like kona ʻano me ka betaine huahana maoli. ʻO ka inoa kemika o betaine ka trimethylammonium acetate. He huahana kūlohelohe ia i ʻike ʻia e Scheibler (Scheibler C. 1869, Scheibler C. 1870) a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka wai beet. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Scheibler i ka inoa betaine beta-in ma hope o ka inoa Lākina beta vulgaris.

I ka 1876, ua lawe ʻo Bruhl i ka huaʻōlelo betaine a ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻohui me nā ʻano like me nā huahana kūlohelohe "betaines", ʻO ia nā surfactants amphoteric ʻano betaine. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano surfactants amphoteric Betaine i loko o ka waikawa carboxylic type, sulfonic acid type, sulfate type, sulfite type, phosphate type, phosphite type, phosphonic acid type and phosphonite type e like me ke ʻano o ka acid acid. . I kēia manawa, ʻeleu loa nā ʻimi noiʻi kūloko ma nā surfactants betaine. Ma waena o lākou, ua hōʻike ʻia nā huahana ʻakika carboxylic, ʻano ʻakika a me nā huahana phosphate.

Kākoʻo ʻia ka hapa nui o nā kikowaena uku maikaʻi o nā ʻano surfactants amphoteric betaine ma nā atoms amonium N quaternary, ʻoiai ke kākoʻo ʻia nā kikowaena uku maikaʻi ʻole i nā hui waikawa i hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole ʻia. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā surfactants amphoteric ʻano betaine a me nā surfactants amphoteric ʻē aʻe ma muli o ke kū ʻana o ka nitrogen ammonium quaternary i loko o ka mole, ʻaʻole ia e noho i ke ʻano o nā anionic surfactants i nā haʻina alkaline. I nā pae pH ʻokoʻa, aia wale nō nā ʻano surfactants amphoteric ʻano betaine i ke ʻano o ka zwitterionic a i ʻole nā ​​surfactants cationic. No laila, i ka ʻāpana isoelectric, ʻaʻole hiki i ka surfaine amphoteric betaine ke emi pinepine i ka solubility e like me nā surfactants amphoteric ʻē aʻe me ka nitrogen kumu nāwaliwali.

ʻO nā ʻano surfactants amphoteric ʻano Betaine mai nā surfactants cationic kekahi. Manaʻo kekahi mau kānaka noiʻi (Beckett AH 1963) pono ia e hoʻohui ʻia ma ke ʻano he "quaternary ammonium salt amphoteric surfactant"; Manaʻo ʻo Moore CD (1960) pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke ʻano he "quaternary ammonium salt surfactant". ʻAʻole like me nā surfactants cationic e like me "surfactants paʻakai amoniuma quaternary kūwaho", hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā surfactants amphoteric betaine me ka betaine me nā surfactants anionic a ʻaʻole e hana i nā hui "electrically neutral".

ʻO nā ʻano surfactants amphoteric ʻano Betaine kekahi ʻāpana nui o nā surfactants amphoteric. Loaʻa iā ia ka launa maikaʻi loa me nā anionic, cationic a me nā surfactants nonionic, he hopena synergistic maikaʻi loa ia, a akahai i ke ʻano. Loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai antistatic maikaʻi, nā waiwai bactericidal, nā anticorrosive pono, a maʻalahi ke biodegradable. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka ʻoihana kemika o kēlā me kēia lā. Me ka hohonu o ka noiʻi, e hoʻomohala ʻia a hoʻohana ʻia nā surfactants ʻano betaine.

2. Ke holomua nei ka noiʻi ʻana i nā surfactants amphoteric ʻano betaine

Ma ka makahiki 1869, ua hoʻohana ʻo Liebreich O. i ka trimethylamine e hoʻomākaukau ai ka betaine; i 1937, ua hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻike mua o ka surfactants amphoteric i United Kingdom, a ma 1940 DuPont i hōʻike i ka papa betaine mua (Betaine) surfactants amphoteric. Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻomaka nā ʻāina ʻē e noiʻi a hoʻomohala i nā surfactants amphoteric me nā pūhui betaine. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka noi oheʻe nalu betaine, ka wikiwiki o ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia kahua e holo nei hoʻi. I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā huahana hou he nui.

Xu Jinyun et al. hoʻomākaukau ka octadecyl betaine me ka amt octadecyl tertiary amine, chloroacetic acid, a me ka sodium hydroxide e like me nā mea maka, a hoʻāʻo i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa o luna, nā pono antistatic, nā emulsifying waiwai a me nā pono noi ʻē aʻe Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka base betaine. Ua hana ʻo Zhang Li a me kekahi poʻe i kekahi noiʻi e pili ana i ka kemika interface o kēia surfactant, e like me ka hoʻopilikia ʻana o ka ʻilikai, ka microemulsion a me nā palena o ke kūkulu ʻana.

Ua hana ʻo Chen Zonggang a me nā mea ʻē aʻe me ka stearic acid a me ka triethanolamine e hana i ka stietate traminehanolamine, a kāohi ʻia i ka lakene o nā reactant e hana i ka huahana ma ke ʻano he diester, a laila hana ʻia me ka quaternization reagent sodium monochloroacetate e hana i ka triethanolamine fatty acid ester Betaine. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia surfactant ma ke ʻano he mea hōʻoluʻolu no ka paʻi ʻana a me ka pena ʻana. ʻO kona palupalu kokoke i ka aila silikona amino, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kona keʻokeʻo a me ka ʻole ma mua o ka aila silikona amino, a maʻalahi ia i meaola biodegradable. He huahana puni honua ia.

FangYiwen etal. synthesized lauroamidopropyl betaine me N, N-dimethyl N'-lauroyl-1,3-propanediamine a me ka sodium chloroacetate e like me nā mea maka. He kiʻekiʻe ka hua ʻana o ka huahana, hoʻoliʻiliʻi hua a me nā mea mānoanoa. , Kūlike maikaʻi me nā mea ʻē aʻe i ka shampoo.

Chen Hongling ma. synthesized ʻelua sulfoimidazolinebetaines e hoʻohana ana i ka sodium 2-bromoethyl sulfonate ma ke ʻano he hydrophilic base material a me alkyl imidazoline a hoʻāʻo i ko lākou kino a me nā waiwai kemika. Penei ke ʻano hana.

Loaʻa iā Jiang Liubo N-lauricamidopropyl-N'-β-hydroxypropylamine sulfobetaine ma ka lawe ʻana i ka sodium chloride mai ka sodium l-chloropropyl-2-hydroxysulfonate a me ka lauramide dimethylpropylamine ma o ka hopena, kēlā me kēia Ke ʻano o nā ʻenehana i kūlike me nā huahana inoa inoa i lawe ʻia mai. Loaʻa iā ia kahi hana maʻalahi, hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa, waiwai a hua maikaʻi, a me ke kūpaʻa wai maikaʻi loa a me ka sterilization.

Hoʻohana ʻo Nonglanping i ka dodecanol, epichlorioxidin, chloroethanol a me dimethylamine ma ke ʻano he kumuwaiwai, a me P2O5 ma ke ʻano he reagent phosphorylation, a ʻo 2- [N- (3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxy) propyl -N, N-Dimethylammonium] ethyl acid phosphate betaine .

 

ʻO Cen Bo et al. hoʻokaʻawale a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka dehydroabietylamine mai ka amine rosin disproportionated, a laila synthesized N-dehydroabietyl-N ma o N, N-dimethyl dehydroabietyl amine ma ke ʻano he mea waiwai. ʻO N-dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine a me kānaloride he ʻelua ʻano hou o ka betaine amphoteric surfactants.

 

Wang Jun ma. synthesized i ka betaine ʻano amphoteric surfactant-dodecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine me ka epichlorohidin, sodium bisulfite a me tertiary dodecyl amine e like me nā mea maka, nā hopena i hoʻoponopono ʻia.

 

Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻo Henan Dao Chung Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. i ʻelua surfactants amphoteric ʻano betaine hou i loko o ka polyoxyethylene chain chain ma o ka reacting alkyl polyoxyethylene dimethyl tertiary amine me ka chloroacetic acid a i ʻole chloroethyl sulfuric acid. Iecaianoaaiiuo hana.

 

Aia nā ʻāina ʻē i ka pae kiʻekiʻe i ke kahua o heʻe nalu betaine, a me kā lākou hana noiʻi a hoʻomohala pono i ka nānā piha a me ka hoʻopaʻa haʻawina. ʻO kahi laʻana, Chew, CH, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe synthesize i kahi ʻano betaine surfactant polymer AUDMAA me ka acryloyl chloride 1-pyridinedecanol a me ka aminoacetic acid. ʻO kona koʻikoʻi micelle koʻikoʻi ma 24 ℃ ka 9.42 × 10-3mol / L. ʻO 50.2kJ / mol ka ikaika o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka polymerization. Furuno Takeshi et al. synthesized ʻelua surfactants ʻano betaine hou N, N-hydroxyethyl-N-ethyl fatty acid ester betaine a me N- (fatter acid ester) me nā etyl- me ka waikawa momona momona a tarot ma ke ʻano he mea maka. N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-12-hydroxypropyl) ammonium sulfonate.

 

I nā makahiki i hala aku nei, ua nui nā mea e hoʻohauʻoli nei i nā waiwai o ke kino a me ka kemika o heʻe nalu betaine. ʻO kahi laʻana: YousukeOne, etc. (dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, ʻākika waikawa) - kumuhana dimethyl betaine, ua aʻo ʻia ka lawena dielectric o ka hopena micellar o ka surfaine betaine. ʻAʻohe mea e pili ana i ka paʻa o nā micelles, a me ka ikaika hoʻomaha o ka hopena surfactant amphoteric e loli kūlike i ka hoʻohuihui, kahi like me ka aminoglycolato betaine i loaʻa kahi ʻano kemika betaine akā ʻaʻole ia he surfactant. Hōʻike nā hopena e loaʻa i ka papa micelle o ka surfactant amphoteric ka manawa like dipole like me ka hopena glycine betaine.