1. Mea heʻe nalu

Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano heʻe nalu. Wahi a kā lākou hoʻopuka, eia lākou: anionic 56%, non-ionic 36%, zwitterionic 5%, a me cation 3%.

2. ʻO Anionic Surfactant

2.1 sulfonate surfactant Anionic. Hoʻohana maʻamau i kēia ʻano he sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate a me ka sodium α-alkenyl sulfonate. ʻO Sodium linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, i ʻike ʻia ʻo LAS a i ʻole ABS, he pauka melemele a mālamalama a flake paʻa paha, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, ʻoiai he maikaʻi ʻole ka hoʻoheheʻe wai i nā mahana haʻahaʻa, a ʻo kāna solubility i ka wai i ka mahana o ka lumi ma lalo o 3. Akā maikaʻi ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana surfactant pūhui.

ʻIke ʻia ʻo Alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate ma ke ʻano he AOS. Ke 38% -40% ka ʻike ma loko, ʻo ka helehelena kahi wai aniani melemele, hiki ke maʻalahi ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. He kūpaʻa maikaʻi kona i ka nui o nā koina pH. ʻAʻohe ona huhū iki i ka ʻili a ʻo ka helu hoʻohaʻahaʻa microbial ʻo 100%. Ma waena o lākou, ʻaʻole hoʻohana ʻia ka LAS i nā shampoos, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻole ʻia i nā wai ua. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ia i nā mea holoi lole holoi wai a me nā mea holoi (nā mea hoʻowai wai hoʻowahāwahā papaʻaina. Hiki i ka LAS i ka detergent ke helu ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka huina surfactant, a me ka laulā hoʻoponopono maoli o ka māhele o LA i ka detergent wai no ka lole ākea loa.

Loaʻa ka hana ʻoi loa ʻo AOS ma waena o nā ʻano sulfonate. Loaʻa iā ia nā pōmaikaʻi o nā sulfonates ākea a i ʻole ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kāna mau maikaʻi, me ka ʻole o nā kīnā o nā sulfonates lehulehu. ʻO AOS kekahi o nā surfactants nui i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā shampoos a me nā wai ʻauʻau. E hoʻonui iki ka noi i nā detergents wai ʻē aʻe me ka ʻike o ka localization o ka huahana (hoʻemi kālā). ʻO nā mea maikaʻi poʻokela o AOS ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi, ka hoʻoheheʻe wai maikaʻi, hoʻokaulike maikaʻi, hoʻonāukiuki haʻahaʻa, a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa microbial maikaʻi; ʻo ka poʻokela poʻokela ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o ke kumukūʻai ma waena o nā anionic surfactants.

2.2 Anionic surfactant sulfate

ʻO nā ʻohana maʻamau e like me ka waiʻona momona polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate a me ka sodium lauryl sulfate. ʻO ka waiʻona momona polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate kahi alias AES, waiʻona ether sodium sulfate. Māmā maʻalahi ia i ka wai, ke ʻano o ka wai melemele melemele (translucent) ke 70% ka ʻike ma loko, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa ma mua o nā sulfonates nui. Hoʻopili koke ʻia ia ma lalo o ka pH4, akā maikaʻi ka paʻa o ka hydrolytic i ke ʻano alkaline.

Hoʻonohonoho inoa ʻia hoʻi ʻo Sodium lauryl sulfate ma ke ʻano he AS, K12, sodium cocoyl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, luna ʻehu. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, a ʻo ka solubility i ka wai ma 25 ° C ma kahi o 15, akā ʻo ke kēkelē o ka hoʻoheheʻe wai ma lalo o AES. ʻAʻole maʻalahi ia i ka wai alkali a me ka wai paʻakikī, akā ʻo ke kūpaʻa ma lalo o nā kūlana acidic ma lalo o ka sulfonate nui, kokoke i AES, ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomehana wā lōʻihi ma mua o 95 ℃, aia ka huhū ma ka pae waena o ka surfactant, 10% solution hoʻonāukiuki hoʻonāukiuki 3.3, kiʻekiʻe haʻahaʻa ma mua o AES, haʻahaʻa ma mua o LAS.

Hiki ke hoʻohana i ka AES i ka shampoo, ka wai ʻauʻau, ka mea holoi holoi wai holoi (ka wai holoi kīʻaha), a me ka mea holoi wai no nā lole. I ka palapala noi, inā ʻae ka papa helu helu waiwai pH, pono e hoʻoponopono ʻia ke kumukūʻai pH i hiki ke kiʻekiʻe, e like me ka kūlike ʻole a alkaline paha. Ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo AES ma lalo o nā kūlana haʻahaʻa o ka pH (i nā shampoos), hoʻohana mau ʻia ka paʻakai o ka etanolamine. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka solubility o ka wai ma mua o ka AS; hiki ke hoʻomākaukau i loko o nā ʻāpana like o ka wai aniani moakaka i ka wela o ka lumi. ʻAʻole hoʻohana wale ʻia ʻo AES i nā detergents wai ma mua o LAS, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻokaulike; hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia me nā surfactants he nui i nā binary a i ʻole nā ​​hui lehulehu e hana i kahi hopena wai aniani moakaka. Ma waena o nā surfactants synthetic, kūlana ʻekolu ʻo AES i ka hoʻopuka, a ʻo ke kumukūʻai ma lalo o AS. I ka makahiki 2002, 70% AES i kūʻai ʻia ma 8,500 yuan / t. ʻO nā mea maikaʻi poʻokela o ka AES ka hoʻonāukiuki haʻahaʻa, ka hiki ʻana o ka wai maikaʻi, ke kūlike maikaʻi, a me ka hana maikaʻi i ka pale ʻana i ka maloʻo o ka ʻili a me ka ʻino. ʻo ka mea maikaʻi ʻole ʻo ia ke kūpaʻa o nā media acidic i kahi ʻilihune iki - pono kaohi ʻia ka pH e ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 4, a ʻo ka detergency ka mea i lalo o LAS, AS.

Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo AS i nā mea holoi wai, e hoʻolohe i ke kūlana waena o ka PH-ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe ke kaʻakika; pono e hoʻohana i ka paʻakai ethanolamine a i ʻole ka paʻakai amonium i ka shampoo; ʻo ka paʻakai Ethanolamine a i ʻole ka paʻakai ammonium e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka wai ua ua. ʻAʻole hiki i ka paʻakai ethanolamine ke hoʻonui i ka kūpaʻa kūpaʻa acid, akā kōkua pū kekahi i ka hōʻemi ʻana o ka huhū. 10% triethanolamine paʻakai stimulate index 3.0. ʻO ke alapine noi o AS i nā mea holoi holoi wai holoi i haʻahaʻa, a ʻaʻole hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me ka surfactant nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka hana. ʻO ke kumu nui he makemake ʻole ia e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai huahana. ʻO ka lua, ʻaʻohe koi o kēia ʻano huahana no ka pahū ʻana i ka hua. Kū ʻo AS i ka helu 5 i ka hana ʻana o nā surfactants synthetic, a he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai. I ka makahiki 2002, he 15,000 yuan / t ke kumu kūʻai pauka. Koe no ka huehue maikaʻi a me ka holoi holoi ikaika, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ʻo AS e like me AES ma nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO kahi laʻana, ʻoi aku ka ʻino o ke kūpaʻa a me ke kūpaʻa, a nui ka huhū — ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o LAS, a ʻo ke kumukūʻai ke kiʻekiʻe loa ma waena o nā surfionant anionic maʻamau.

3. ʻO Nonionic Surfactant

ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā surfactants non-ionic he alkyl alkohol amides (FFA), waiʻona waiʻona momona polyoxyethylene ether (AE), alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (APE a me OP). Loaʻa ka solubilization maikaʻi o ka surfactants non-ionic, holoi, antistatic, hoʻonāukiuki haʻahaʻa, hoʻoheheʻe kopa calcium, a pēlā aku. ʻoi aku ka laulā pili PH maoli ma mua o nā surfactants ionic maʻamau; hemo ia i ka lepo a me nā hua huʻa. , ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā waiwai ʻē aʻe ma mua o nā surfactants anionic ākea. Hōʻike nā hoʻokolohua i ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi o nā surfactants non-ionic i hiki i nā surfact ionic ke hoʻonui i ka hana o luna o ka ʻōnaehana - ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka ʻatikala hana like.

ʻO nā amides Alkyl waiona kahi papa o nā surfactants ʻole ionic me ka hana ʻoi aku, ka laulā o ka hoʻohana a me ke alapine kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻohana. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou i nā detergents wai. ʻO nā amide ʻalekona Alkyl i hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia i nā detergents wai he "2: 1 amide" a me "1.5: 1 amide", a "1: 1 amide" hiki ke hoʻohana pū kekahi. ʻO kēia mau kikoʻī ʻekolu he mau hana ʻokoʻa e pili ana i ka solubility o ka wai a me ka mānoanoa. 'Speakinglelo maʻamau, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o "1.5: 1 amide", a hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka detergent. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo "1: 1 amide" me ka hoʻohui ʻia me nā surfactants i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai e hoʻonā maʻalahi. ʻOi aku ka kūpono o nā amides alkyl alolika no nā detergents alkaline, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā detergents acidic āpau. ʻO ka Alkyl waiʻona amide kekahi o nā surfactants non-ionic ʻoi loa ka make, ʻo ke kumu kūʻai i ka makahiki 2002 he 7,800 yuan / t. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā amides alkyl waiona i nā mea holoi wai ma mua o nā waiʻona waiʻona momona polyoxyethylene. ʻO ka surfionants nonionic i hoʻohana ʻia i nā shampoos he amides alkyl alkohol pinepine. ʻO nā kumu paha: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hana ākea a FFA ma mua o AE; ʻOi aku ka pipiʻi o nā huahana FFA ma mua o AE; ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka solubility a FFA ma mua o AE; ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka waiwai huila o FFA ma mua o AE.

4. Nā surfactants Zwitterionic

Nānā nā surfactants Amphoteric i nā surfactants me nā pūʻulu hydrophilic anionic a me cationic, no laila kēia cactic he cationic i nā haʻina waikawa, anionic i nā hopena alkaline, a like me nā hāʻina kūlohelohe ʻaʻano Non-ionic. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe maʻalahi ʻia nā surfactants amphoteric i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā waikawa a me nā wai alkali i hoʻohui ʻia, a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia hoʻi i nā hopena paʻakai o nā paʻakai kolo ʻole. Loaʻa iā lākou ke kūpaʻa wai paʻakikī paʻakikī, hoʻonāukiuki ʻili haʻahaʻa, palupalu lole maikaʻi, a me nā waiwai antistatic. Maikaʻi, loaʻa kahi hopena bactericidal maikaʻi, a maikaʻi maikaʻi me nā surfactants like ʻole.

Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia kēia ʻano huahana i ka laulā pH ākea, akā mai ka manaʻo o ke ʻano ionic kūlike ma lalo o nā kūlana acid-base medium, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ma lalo o nā kūlana acidic a me nā kūleʻa ma mua o nā kūlana alkaline. Ma ka ʻōlelo maʻamau, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai o nā surfactants zwitterionic ma mua o nā nonactic surfactants.

ʻO nā ʻano surfactant amphoteric nui e pili ana me ka dodecyl dimethyl betaine, ke ʻano imidazoline a me nā ʻano like ʻē aʻe carboxylate. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā anionic surfactants, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hana a nā surfion nonionic a ʻoi aku nā hemahema - ʻo ka detergency a me ka foaming wale nō ka mea i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi; ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā surfactants nonionic, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kekahi mau waiwai o nā surfactants amphoteric, ʻaʻole i lohi ʻia ka hana ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mākaukau o nā surfactants amphoteric ma mua o nā surfactants nonionic nui - hiki i ka huehue huhū maikaʻi o AE; ʻoi aku koʻohune5. Surfactant Kākoʻo

ʻO nā ʻano surfactant cationic maʻamau e komo pū me cetyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (1631), octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (1831), cationic guar gum (C-14S), cationic panthenol, cationic Silicone aila, dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide (OB-2) a pēlā aku. He ʻokoʻa nā surfactation Cationic mai nā surfactants ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa iā lākou ka detergency maikaʻi a me nā hua huʻa, a loaʻa pinepine kekahi ʻano o ka hoʻonāukiuki hoʻonāukiuki (haʻahaʻa).

Hoʻohana ʻia nā surfactation Cationic ma ke ʻano he co-surfactants i nā mea holoi wai - kahi mea hoʻonoho me kahi liʻiliʻi o ka formulate; Hoʻohana mau ʻia lākou i nā huahana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, hoʻohana nui ʻia i nā shampoos. ʻAʻole kūlike pololei nā surfactants cationic me nā surfactants anionic. Hiki i ka hoʻokaulike o nā cation a me nā anion ke hua i nā hopena maikaʻi, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka makaʻu o ka ua (crystallization).

Nui a hewahewa nā ʻano cactic surfactants i hoʻohana ʻia i nā shampoos, a ua heleleʻi hoʻi ke alapine o ka hoʻohana-ma kahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau ʻano ikaika, hana pinepine ʻia lākou i mau mea hoʻoluʻu uila. Loaʻa i nā surfactants Cationic kahi mahele liʻiliʻi i nā surfactants, a ʻoi aku ka pipiʻi o kā lākou kumukūʻai ma mua o nā ʻano surfactants ʻē aʻe. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano surfactants, loaʻa i nā surfactation cationic ka hopena hoʻoponopono koʻikoʻi a me ka hopena bactericidal ikaika loa; ʻoiai nā mea maikaʻi ʻole o ka holoi holoi maikaʻi ʻole ʻana, huehue huhū ʻole, hoʻokaulike maikaʻi ʻole, hoʻonāukiuki kiʻekiʻe, a me ke kumu kūʻai kiʻekiʻe, ʻo lākou ka mea ʻona hōʻona i nā shampo detergent wai kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e nā ʻano surfactants ʻē aʻe. He mea pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā surfactants cationic ma ke ʻano he ʻenekia agena a i ʻole bactericides.