1. Surfactant no ka hoʻohana ʻaila kaumaha

Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity a me ka wai maikaʻi ʻole o ka aila kaumaha, lawe mai ia i nā pilikia he nui i ka hoʻohana ʻana. I mea e hoʻohana ai i kēia mau aila kaumaha, pono i kekahi manawa e hoʻopili i kahi wai wai wai o nā surfactants i loko o ka luawai e hoʻolilo i ka aila kaumaha viscosity kiʻekiʻe i loko o kahi emulsion aila-i-ka wai emulsion haʻahaʻa a paʻi iā ia i ka papa. Hoʻohana ʻia nā surfactants i loko o kēia emulsification aila mānoanoa a me ka hana hoʻoliʻiliʻi viscosity me ka sodium alkyl sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl alkohol ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene polyene polyamine, polyoxyethylene Ethylene alkyl alkohol ether sulfate sodium sodium, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka emulsion oil-in-water emulsion pono e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai a hoʻohana i kekahi surfactants ʻoihana e like me nā demulsifiers no ka make wai. ʻO kēia mau emulsifiers he emulsifiers wai-i-aila. Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā cactic surfactants a i ʻole naphthenic acid, asphaltene acid a me kā lākou mau paʻakai metala polyvalent. No ka aila kaumaha kūikawā, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohana i nā kuʻuna unuhi kuʻuna kuʻuna maʻamau, a koi ʻia ka ʻume mākeke no ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ka wela. I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hopena hoʻōla pumehana, koi ʻia nā surfactants. Ke hoʻokomo ʻana i ka huʻa i loko o ka luawai huila piʻo, ʻo ia hoʻi, e hoʻokomo ana i ka mea hoʻomehana wela wela kiʻekiʻe a me ke kinoea non-condensable kekahi o nā hana modulation i hoʻohana mau ʻia.

Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā ʻāpana umo he alkylbenzene sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, aila sulfonate, sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl waiʻona ether a me sulfonated polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol ether, he mau surfactants gemini kūikawā, a pēlā aku. Ma muli o ka hana o nā surfactants i loaʻa i ka fluorine a he kūpaʻa i ka acid, alkali , oxygen, wela a me ka aila, surfactants i loko o ka fluorine he mea pono e hoʻomehana wela wela kiʻekiʻe. I mea e maʻalahi ai ka aila hoʻopuehu e hele i loko o ka pores puʻu kūkulu o ka hoʻokumu ʻana, a i ʻole e hana i ka aila ma luna o ka hoʻokumu maʻalahi e kipaku ʻia, pono pono e hoʻohana i kahi surfactant i kapa ʻia he ʻenemi diffuse ʻene. Hoʻohana mau ʻia nā gemini surfactants a me nā resic phenolic alkylated.

2. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aila waxy aila me nā surfactants e koi i ka kaomi pinepine ʻana a me ka hemo ʻana o ka wax. Hana nā mea heʻenalu ma ke ʻano he mea pāpā nāwaliwali a me nā mea hoʻāhu wax. Hoʻohana ʻia nā heʻenalu hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka aila a me nā surfactants hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai no ka pale ʻana i ka wax. Pāleʻa ka mea mua i ka pale pale ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā waiwai o ka ʻāpana aniani. ʻO nā surfactants i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me ka aila i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia he sulfonates aila a me nā surfactants amine. Pāʻani nā mea surfactable i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai i kahi hana pale wax ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā waiwai o nā pale wili (e like me ka paipu ʻana, nā koʻokoʻo omo a me nā papa hana). ʻO nā surfactants hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia he sodium alkyl sulfonate, paʻakai amonium quaternary, alkane polyoxyethylene ether, ʻae polyoxyethylene ether a me kā lākou paʻakai sulfonate paʻakai. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā mea heʻe nalu no ka hemo ʻana o ka wax i ʻelua mau ʻaoʻao, soluble o ka aila no ka lawe ʻana i ka wax ma luna o ka aila, ʻano sulfonate hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai, ʻano paʻakai ammonium quaternary, ʻano polyether, ʻano T waena, surfactant type OP, paʻakai ʻo ester Sulfate a i ʻole sulfonated pālahalaha hoʻohui ʻano. a hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano surfactants OP ma ke ʻano he remover wax-based water. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohui like nā home a me nā ʻāina ʻē i ka wehe ʻana o ka waki a me ka pale ʻana, a me ka remover wax-based aila a me ka remover wax-based water, e hana i kahi remover wax hybrid. Hoʻohana kēia wao e hoʻoneʻe nei i ka mea hoʻohana i nā hydrocarbons ʻaʻala a hui pū me nā hydrocarbons ʻaʻala e like me ka pae aila, a me kahi emulsifier me ka hana hoʻoheheʻe waki e like me ka pae wai. I ka emulsifier i koho ʻia he surfionant nonionic me kahi kiko kapua kūpono, hiki ke hana ʻia e piʻi a ʻoi aku paha i kāna kiko ao i ka mahana ma lalo o ka ʻāpana waxing o ka aila aila, i hiki ai i ka remover wax wax ma mua o ke komo ʻana i ka ʻāpana waxing, ua haki ka emulsion, a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua o ka wehe ʻana i nā ʻākena, a pāʻani lākou i ke ʻano o ka hemo i ka manawa like.

3. Hoʻohana ʻia ka mea heʻe nalu e hoʻokūpaʻa i ka pālolo

Pale ka mea paʻa paʻa i pale i nā minelala pālolo mai ka pehu ʻana a pale i nā ʻāpana mineral pālolo mai ka neʻe ʻana. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e pale aku i ka palolo mai ka pehu ʻana, e like me ka ʻano paʻakai amine, ʻano paʻakai amonium quaternary, ʻano paʻakai pyridine, paʻakai imidazoline a me nā surfactant cationic ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa nā surfactants non-ionic-cationic i loko o ka fluorine e pale ai i ka neʻe ʻana o nā hunaahi pālolo pālolo.

4. Nā mea heʻenalu i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ana acidification

I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka hopena acidification, hoʻohui pinepine ʻia nā ʻano mea hoʻohui i ka hopena waikawa. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi surfactant me ka waikawa a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻolaha ʻia e ka hoʻokumu ʻana ma ke ʻano he retarder acidification. E like me fatty amine hydrochloride, quaternary ammonium salt, pyridine salt in cationic surfactants and polyoxyethylene sulfonated, carboxymethylated, phosphate salted or sulfate salted in amphoteric surfactants Base phenol ether a pēlā aku. Hiki i kekahi mau surfactants, e like me ka dodecyl sulfonic acid a me nā paʻakai alkyl amine, ke emulsify i ka waikawa i ka aila e hana i kahi emulsion acid-in-oil. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia emulsion ma ke ʻano he wai ʻona ʻona a me ka hopena lohi.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau surfactants i anti-emulsifiers no nā wai acidified. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā Surfactants me nā lālā lālā e like me polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene propylene glycol ether a me polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene pentaethylene hexaamine e like me acidification anti-emulsifiers. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau surfactants ma ke ʻano he kōkua kōkua hoʻopau, e like me ka ʻano ʻano paʻakai amine, ʻano paʻakai amonium quaternary, ʻano paʻakai pyridine, non-ionic, amphoteric a me nā surfactants fluorinated.